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On 23/11/2022 11:41, Max Demian wrote:
On 23/11/2022 11:14, Commander Kinsey wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 10:00:06 -0000, The Natural Philosopher
tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:
Seawater is a good conductor, unlike air, so the cables must be
insulated, and that insulation forms the bulk of the dielectric.
That\'s why they had to be DC - charging and discharging that capacitance
via a resistive cable cant be done 50 times a second without massive
losses.
Are all insulators dielectrics?
Potentially.
With at least a relative permittivity of unity.
On 23/11/2022 13:30, Commander Kinsey wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 13:13:53 -0000, The Natural Philosopher
tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:
On 23/11/2022 11:41, Max Demian wrote:
On 23/11/2022 11:14, Commander Kinsey wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 10:00:06 -0000, The Natural Philosopher
tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:
Seawater is a good conductor, unlike air, so the cables must be
insulated, and that insulation forms the bulk of the dielectric.
That\'s why they had to be DC - charging and discharging that
capacitance
via a resistive cable cant be done 50 times a second without massive
losses.
Are all insulators dielectrics?
Potentially.
Ability to form a capacitor is connected to the formation of dipoles in
the material Monopoles are characteristic of conductors.
There must be some insulators which cannot form dipoles.
Only useful if you know what a dipole is, and an insulator.
Of course taking into account, there is no such thing as a perfect
insulator, and no such thing as a perfect conductor, superconductors
excepted.
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 10:47:47 +0000, Martin Brown
\'\'\'newspam\'\'\'@nonad.co.uk> wrote:
On 22/11/2022 16:32, John Larkin wrote:
On Tue, 22 Nov 2022 15:38:21 +0000, Clive Page <usenet@page2.eu
wrote:
On 18/11/2022 12:04, Martin Brown wrote:
I think they probably could increase the low frequency bound for domestic and modest sized solar or wind farms not to drop off grid. It is preferable to stress a few motors and transformers for a few minutes when compared to the major cost of dropping large segments of load.
Otherwise you get the cascade failure mode that afflicted the UK after a freak lightning strike took out a fairly small electric plant and caused a cascade of failures that took down mains for London and much of England.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/836626/20191003_E3C_Interim_Report_into_GB_Power_Disruption.pdf
It didn\'t help that electric trains required an engineering reset before they could be moved from where they ground to a halt when the mains went down.
It turned out that the design spec of the trains was that they should cope with a frequency drop to as low as 49 Hz, but they were built by German engineers who assumed that in a modern country like Germany, but not as it turned out the UK, the mains frequency could *never* drop below 49.5 Hz, so they built in (or failed to avoid) a serious failure mode when this actually occurred. Hence all their class 700 trains stopped.
Messrs Thameslink, the train operator, compounded the problem by only installing in some of their trains a software update which would have allowed the driver to restart the train after it had stopped from this cause. Since only a few trains could be restarted, the lines were still pretty well blocked, and the network was effectively at a standstill for about half a day. A combined German and British cock-up you might think.
I can\'t imagine anything that would cause a reasonable train
propulsion system to fail at 49 Hz, or even 45 Hz.
The fact that the UK mains distribution grid will drop them off load at
48Hz has a lot to do with it. They represent a large \"pure\" load (and so
are a target once the usual intermittent supply folk have been dropped).
Automated load shedding triggers at <48.000Hz.
Snag was that with the modern configuration of local solar panels and
wind shedding 1GW of domestic load also shed 600MW of local generation
so only made a 400MW net contribution. Rinse and repeat leading to a
cascade failure of a much larger section of grid than was strictly
necessary. It will almost certainly fail the same way next time.
Maybe the trains will have a boot from cold function added to their
firmware in future but I\'m not holding my breath.
Greenies-in-charge has just begun. Get used to cold and dark.
And hungry.
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 08:25:55 -0000, \"Commander Kinsey\"
CK1@nospam.com> wrote:
On Tue, 22 Nov 2022 23:39:35 -0000, Carlos E.R. <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
On 2022-11-22 23:08, Commander Kinsey wrote:
On Tue, 22 Nov 2022 21:06:22 -0000, John Larkin
jlarkin@highlandsnipmetechnology.com> wrote:
But rails bear enormous loads and trains are very efficient.
Actually, they use more fuel per passenger than a car.
Not true.
It is true, a study was conducted in the UK. The weight of a train is ridiculous.
People are light and volume inefficient. Efficiency would be better if
people were properly packed and stacked in a rail car, like freight
and products are.
Now add in the train is never going exactly to and from where each person wants to be, and cars are way better.
Public transport is for poor people.
Here, trains are for rich tourists with time on their hands.
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 11:14:14 -0000, \"Commander Kinsey\"
CK1@nospam.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 10:00:06 -0000, The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:
On 22/11/2022 19:52, SteveW wrote:
On 19/11/2022 07:20, Commander Kinsey wrote:
On Thu, 17 Nov 2022 23:02:30 -0000, SteveW <steve@walker-family.me.uk
wrote:
On 17/11/2022 19:22, Scott Lurndal wrote:
SteveW <steve@walker-family.me.uk> writes:
On 17/11/2022 19:03, Commander Kinsey wrote:
Yes, the European mainland grid whilst it is not all of Europe, is
synchronised.
I believe Norway, the UK and Ireland, are definietly totally
separate.
I thought there was a problem with capacitance sending AC a long
distance, hence DC to the UK? Yet they\'re managing AC throughout
most
of Europe?
They\'re not having to send it undersea though.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVDC_Gotland
Except of course that that is DC link - because it is underwater.
Underwater is irrelevant, it\'s the capacitance in the wire.
It is not irrelevant at all. Overhead, high-voltage wires are
uninsulated. Underwater ones cannot be and also have to have physical
(metal) protection. That alone turns them into very long capacitors.
Yes. When I visited as a teenager the very first UK-FR undersea link,
the engineers said \'if we switch it off and disconnect it, we can draw
an arc for half an hour from the stored electricity\'.
Seawater is a good conductor, unlike air, so the cables must be
insulated, and that insulation forms the bulk of the dielectric.
That\'s why they had to be DC - charging and discharging that capacitance
via a resistive cable cant be done 50 times a second without massive losses.
Are all insulators dielectrics?
Certainly. Every insulator has a dielectric constant.
If you mean \"is every insulator suitable for manufacturing cables and
capacitors?\" some aren\'t. Gasoline and crumpled newspaper might be
poor choices.
But then, capacitive liquid level gages use gasoline as the
dielectric.
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 15:16:29 -0000, John Larkin <jlarkin@highlandsnipmetechnology.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 10:47:47 +0000, Martin Brown
\'\'\'newspam\'\'\'@nonad.co.uk> wrote:
On 22/11/2022 16:32, John Larkin wrote:
On Tue, 22 Nov 2022 15:38:21 +0000, Clive Page <usenet@page2.eu
wrote:
On 18/11/2022 12:04, Martin Brown wrote:
I think they probably could increase the low frequency bound for domestic and modest sized solar or wind farms not to drop off grid. It is preferable to stress a few motors and transformers for a few minutes when compared to the major cost of dropping large segments of load.
Otherwise you get the cascade failure mode that afflicted the UK after a freak lightning strike took out a fairly small electric plant and caused a cascade of failures that took down mains for London and much of England.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/836626/20191003_E3C_Interim_Report_into_GB_Power_Disruption.pdf
It didn\'t help that electric trains required an engineering reset before they could be moved from where they ground to a halt when the mains went down.
It turned out that the design spec of the trains was that they should cope with a frequency drop to as low as 49 Hz, but they were built by German engineers who assumed that in a modern country like Germany, but not as it turned out the UK, the mains frequency could *never* drop below 49.5 Hz, so they built in (or failed to avoid) a serious failure mode when this actually occurred. Hence all their class 700 trains stopped.
Messrs Thameslink, the train operator, compounded the problem by only installing in some of their trains a software update which would have allowed the driver to restart the train after it had stopped from this cause. Since only a few trains could be restarted, the lines were still pretty well blocked, and the network was effectively at a standstill for about half a day. A combined German and British cock-up you might think.
I can\'t imagine anything that would cause a reasonable train
propulsion system to fail at 49 Hz, or even 45 Hz.
The fact that the UK mains distribution grid will drop them off load at
48Hz has a lot to do with it. They represent a large \"pure\" load (and so
are a target once the usual intermittent supply folk have been dropped).
Automated load shedding triggers at <48.000Hz.
Snag was that with the modern configuration of local solar panels and
wind shedding 1GW of domestic load also shed 600MW of local generation
so only made a 400MW net contribution. Rinse and repeat leading to a
cascade failure of a much larger section of grid than was strictly
necessary. It will almost certainly fail the same way next time.
Maybe the trains will have a boot from cold function added to their
firmware in future but I\'m not holding my breath.
Greenies-in-charge has just begun. Get used to cold and dark.
And hungry.
Already planning some battery backup here.
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 15:29:12 -0000, John Larkin <jlarkin@highlandsnipmetechnology.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 11:14:14 -0000, \"Commander Kinsey\"
CK1@nospam.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 10:00:06 -0000, The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:
On 22/11/2022 19:52, SteveW wrote:
On 19/11/2022 07:20, Commander Kinsey wrote:
On Thu, 17 Nov 2022 23:02:30 -0000, SteveW <steve@walker-family.me.uk
wrote:
On 17/11/2022 19:22, Scott Lurndal wrote:
SteveW <steve@walker-family.me.uk> writes:
On 17/11/2022 19:03, Commander Kinsey wrote:
Yes, the European mainland grid whilst it is not all of Europe, is
synchronised.
I believe Norway, the UK and Ireland, are definietly totally
separate.
I thought there was a problem with capacitance sending AC a long
distance, hence DC to the UK? Yet they\'re managing AC throughout
most
of Europe?
They\'re not having to send it undersea though.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVDC_Gotland
Except of course that that is DC link - because it is underwater.
Underwater is irrelevant, it\'s the capacitance in the wire.
It is not irrelevant at all. Overhead, high-voltage wires are
uninsulated. Underwater ones cannot be and also have to have physical
(metal) protection. That alone turns them into very long capacitors.
Yes. When I visited as a teenager the very first UK-FR undersea link,
the engineers said \'if we switch it off and disconnect it, we can draw
an arc for half an hour from the stored electricity\'.
Seawater is a good conductor, unlike air, so the cables must be
insulated, and that insulation forms the bulk of the dielectric.
That\'s why they had to be DC - charging and discharging that capacitance
via a resistive cable cant be done 50 times a second without massive losses.
Are all insulators dielectrics?
Certainly. Every insulator has a dielectric constant.
If you mean \"is every insulator suitable for manufacturing cables and
capacitors?\" some aren\'t. Gasoline and crumpled newspaper might be
poor choices.
But then, capacitive liquid level gages use gasoline as the
dielectric.
It seems the French are no good at such calculations. My Renault\'s fuel guage is very non linear. The second half of the tank is used twice as fast as the first half according to the guage. As for the digital \"miles left before running out\" reading, it seems to think I can get about 90mpg from a petrol engine. But luckily the average speed since you last pressed the button guage is very very accurate, so I use it for cheating the average speed cameras. People just don\'t get why I can go 100 in a 60.
On 2022-11-23 11:47, Martin Brown wrote:
On 22/11/2022 16:32, John Larkin wrote:
On Tue, 22 Nov 2022 15:38:21 +0000, Clive Page <usenet@page2.eu
wrote:
On 18/11/2022 12:04, Martin Brown wrote:
...
I can\'t imagine anything that would cause a reasonable train
propulsion system to fail at 49 Hz, or even 45 Hz.
The fact that the UK mains distribution grid will drop them off load
at 48Hz has a lot to do with it. They represent a large \"pure\" load
(and so are a target once the usual intermittent supply folk have been
dropped).
Automated load shedding triggers at <48.000Hz.
Snag was that with the modern configuration of local solar panels and
wind shedding 1GW of domestic load also shed 600MW of local generation
so only made a 400MW net contribution. Rinse and repeat leading to a
cascade failure of a much larger section of grid than was strictly
necessary. It will almost certainly fail the same way next time.
Maybe the trains will have a boot from cold function added to their
firmware in future but I\'m not holding my breath.
What happens if they simply lower the Pantograph? I suppose they do that
eventually, when parked.
We\'d be OK without power for a few weeks in our mild climate, but we
have some food and water and a propane BBQ.
People in really cold climates will be in serious trouble, especially
when heat is all-electric and the grid is powered by all \"renewables.\"
It might take decades to rebuild a reliable energy system, once people
come to their senses. If.
Only useful if you know what a dipole is, and an insulator.
Of course taking into account, there is no such thing as a perfect
insulator, and no such thing as a perfect conductor, superconductors
excepted.
Everything goes through a computer now. Gas gages are probably
programmed to be alarmist.
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 17:21:00 -0000, \"Commander Kinsey\"
CK1@nospam.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 15:16:29 -0000, John Larkin
jlarkin@highlandsnipmetechnology.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 10:47:47 +0000, Martin Brown
\'\'\'newspam\'\'\'@nonad.co.uk> wrote:
On 22/11/2022 16:32, John Larkin wrote:
On Tue, 22 Nov 2022 15:38:21 +0000, Clive Page <usenet@page2.eu
wrote:
On 18/11/2022 12:04, Martin Brown wrote:
I think they probably could increase the low frequency bound for
domestic and modest sized solar or wind farms not to drop off
grid. It is preferable to stress a few motors and transformers for
a few minutes when compared to the major cost of dropping large
segments of load.
Otherwise you get the cascade failure mode that afflicted the UK
after a freak lightning strike took out a fairly small electric
plant and caused a cascade of failures that took down mains for
London and much of England.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/836626/20191003_E3C_Interim_Report_into_GB_Power_Disruption.pdf
It didn\'t help that electric trains required an engineering reset
before they could be moved from where they ground to a halt when
the mains went down.
It turned out that the design spec of the trains was that they
should cope with a frequency drop to as low as 49 Hz, but they were
built by German engineers who assumed that in a modern country like
Germany, but not as it turned out the UK, the mains frequency could
*never* drop below 49.5 Hz, so they built in (or failed to avoid) a
serious failure mode when this actually occurred. Hence all their
class 700 trains stopped.
Messrs Thameslink, the train operator, compounded the problem by
only installing in some of their trains a software update which
would have allowed the driver to restart the train after it had
stopped from this cause. Since only a few trains could be
restarted, the lines were still pretty well blocked, and the
network was effectively at a standstill for about half a day. A
combined German and British cock-up you might think.
I can\'t imagine anything that would cause a reasonable train
propulsion system to fail at 49 Hz, or even 45 Hz.
The fact that the UK mains distribution grid will drop them off load
at
48Hz has a lot to do with it. They represent a large \"pure\" load (and
so
are a target once the usual intermittent supply folk have been
dropped).
Automated load shedding triggers at <48.000Hz.
Snag was that with the modern configuration of local solar panels and
wind shedding 1GW of domestic load also shed 600MW of local generation
so only made a 400MW net contribution. Rinse and repeat leading to a
cascade failure of a much larger section of grid than was strictly
necessary. It will almost certainly fail the same way next time.
Maybe the trains will have a boot from cold function added to their
firmware in future but I\'m not holding my breath.
Greenies-in-charge has just begun. Get used to cold and dark.
And hungry.
Already planning some battery backup here.
We\'d be OK without power for a few weeks in our mild climate, but we
have some food and water and a propane BBQ.
People in really cold climates will be in serious trouble,
especially
when heat is all-electric and the grid is powered by all \"renewables.\"
It might take decades to rebuild a reliable energy system, once people
come to their senses. If.
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 17:21:00 -0000, \"Commander Kinsey\"
CK1@nospam.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 15:16:29 -0000, John Larkin <jlarkin@highlandsnipmetechnology.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 10:47:47 +0000, Martin Brown
\'\'\'newspam\'\'\'@nonad.co.uk> wrote:
On 22/11/2022 16:32, John Larkin wrote:
On Tue, 22 Nov 2022 15:38:21 +0000, Clive Page <usenet@page2.eu
wrote:
On 18/11/2022 12:04, Martin Brown wrote:
I think they probably could increase the low frequency bound for domestic and modest sized solar or wind farms not to drop off grid. It is preferable to stress a few motors and transformers for a few minutes when compared to the major cost of dropping large segments of load.
Otherwise you get the cascade failure mode that afflicted the UK after a freak lightning strike took out a fairly small electric plant and caused a cascade of failures that took down mains for London and much of England.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/836626/20191003_E3C_Interim_Report_into_GB_Power_Disruption.pdf
It didn\'t help that electric trains required an engineering reset before they could be moved from where they ground to a halt when the mains went down.
It turned out that the design spec of the trains was that they should cope with a frequency drop to as low as 49 Hz, but they were built by German engineers who assumed that in a modern country like Germany, but not as it turned out the UK, the mains frequency could *never* drop below 49.5 Hz, so they built in (or failed to avoid) a serious failure mode when this actually occurred. Hence all their class 700 trains stopped.
Messrs Thameslink, the train operator, compounded the problem by only installing in some of their trains a software update which would have allowed the driver to restart the train after it had stopped from this cause. Since only a few trains could be restarted, the lines were still pretty well blocked, and the network was effectively at a standstill for about half a day. A combined German and British cock-up you might think.
I can\'t imagine anything that would cause a reasonable train
propulsion system to fail at 49 Hz, or even 45 Hz.
The fact that the UK mains distribution grid will drop them off load at
48Hz has a lot to do with it. They represent a large \"pure\" load (and so
are a target once the usual intermittent supply folk have been dropped).
Automated load shedding triggers at <48.000Hz.
Snag was that with the modern configuration of local solar panels and
wind shedding 1GW of domestic load also shed 600MW of local generation
so only made a 400MW net contribution. Rinse and repeat leading to a
cascade failure of a much larger section of grid than was strictly
necessary. It will almost certainly fail the same way next time.
Maybe the trains will have a boot from cold function added to their
firmware in future but I\'m not holding my breath.
Greenies-in-charge has just begun. Get used to cold and dark.
And hungry.
Already planning some battery backup here.
We\'d be OK without power for a few weeks in our mild climate, but we
have some food and water and a propane BBQ.
People in really cold climates will be in serious trouble, especially
when heat is all-electric and the grid is powered by all \"renewables.\"
It might take decades to rebuild a reliable energy system, once people
come to their senses. If.
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 17:21:00 -0000, \"Commander Kinsey\"
CK1@nospam.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 15:16:29 -0000, John Larkin <jlarkin@highlandsnipmetechnology.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 10:47:47 +0000, Martin Brown
\'\'\'newspam\'\'\'@nonad.co.uk> wrote:
On 22/11/2022 16:32, John Larkin wrote:
On Tue, 22 Nov 2022 15:38:21 +0000, Clive Page <usenet@page2.eu
wrote:
On 18/11/2022 12:04, Martin Brown wrote:
I think they probably could increase the low frequency bound for domestic and modest sized solar or wind farms not to drop off grid. It is preferable to stress a few motors and transformers for a few minutes when compared to the major cost of dropping large segments of load.
Otherwise you get the cascade failure mode that afflicted the UK after a freak lightning strike took out a fairly small electric plant and caused a cascade of failures that took down mains for London and much of England.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/836626/20191003_E3C_Interim_Report_into_GB_Power_Disruption.pdf
It didn\'t help that electric trains required an engineering reset before they could be moved from where they ground to a halt when the mains went down.
It turned out that the design spec of the trains was that they should cope with a frequency drop to as low as 49 Hz, but they were built by German engineers who assumed that in a modern country like Germany, but not as it turned out the UK, the mains frequency could *never* drop below 49.5 Hz, so they built in (or failed to avoid) a serious failure mode when this actually occurred. Hence all their class 700 trains stopped.
Messrs Thameslink, the train operator, compounded the problem by only installing in some of their trains a software update which would have allowed the driver to restart the train after it had stopped from this cause. Since only a few trains could be restarted, the lines were still pretty well blocked, and the network was effectively at a standstill for about half a day. A combined German and British cock-up you might think.
I can\'t imagine anything that would cause a reasonable train
propulsion system to fail at 49 Hz, or even 45 Hz.
The fact that the UK mains distribution grid will drop them off load at
48Hz has a lot to do with it. They represent a large \"pure\" load (and so
are a target once the usual intermittent supply folk have been dropped).
Automated load shedding triggers at <48.000Hz.
Snag was that with the modern configuration of local solar panels and
wind shedding 1GW of domestic load also shed 600MW of local generation
so only made a 400MW net contribution. Rinse and repeat leading to a
cascade failure of a much larger section of grid than was strictly
necessary. It will almost certainly fail the same way next time.
Maybe the trains will have a boot from cold function added to their
firmware in future but I\'m not holding my breath.
Greenies-in-charge has just begun. Get used to cold and dark.
And hungry.
Already planning some battery backup here.
We\'d be OK without power for a few weeks in our mild climate, but we
have some food and water and a propane BBQ.
People in really cold climates will be in serious trouble, especially
when heat is all-electric and the grid is powered by all \"renewables.\"
It might take decades to rebuild a reliable energy system, once people
come to their senses. If.
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 17:24:22 -0000, \"Commander Kinsey\"
CK1@nospam.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 15:29:12 -0000, John Larkin <jlarkin@highlandsnipmetechnology.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 11:14:14 -0000, \"Commander Kinsey\"
CK1@nospam.com> wrote:
On Wed, 23 Nov 2022 10:00:06 -0000, The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:
On 22/11/2022 19:52, SteveW wrote:
On 19/11/2022 07:20, Commander Kinsey wrote:
On Thu, 17 Nov 2022 23:02:30 -0000, SteveW <steve@walker-family.me.uk
wrote:
On 17/11/2022 19:22, Scott Lurndal wrote:
SteveW <steve@walker-family.me.uk> writes:
On 17/11/2022 19:03, Commander Kinsey wrote:
Yes, the European mainland grid whilst it is not all of Europe, is
synchronised.
I believe Norway, the UK and Ireland, are definietly totally
separate.
I thought there was a problem with capacitance sending AC a long
distance, hence DC to the UK? Yet they\'re managing AC throughout
most
of Europe?
They\'re not having to send it undersea though.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVDC_Gotland
Except of course that that is DC link - because it is underwater.
Underwater is irrelevant, it\'s the capacitance in the wire.
It is not irrelevant at all. Overhead, high-voltage wires are
uninsulated. Underwater ones cannot be and also have to have physical
(metal) protection. That alone turns them into very long capacitors.
Yes. When I visited as a teenager the very first UK-FR undersea link,
the engineers said \'if we switch it off and disconnect it, we can draw
an arc for half an hour from the stored electricity\'.
Seawater is a good conductor, unlike air, so the cables must be
insulated, and that insulation forms the bulk of the dielectric.
That\'s why they had to be DC - charging and discharging that capacitance
via a resistive cable cant be done 50 times a second without massive losses.
Are all insulators dielectrics?
Certainly. Every insulator has a dielectric constant.
If you mean \"is every insulator suitable for manufacturing cables and
capacitors?\" some aren\'t. Gasoline and crumpled newspaper might be
poor choices.
But then, capacitive liquid level gages use gasoline as the
dielectric.
It seems the French are no good at such calculations. My Renault\'s fuel guage is very non linear. The second half of the tank is used twice as fast as the first half according to the guage. As for the digital \"miles left before running out\" reading, it seems to think I can get about 90mpg from a petrol engine. But luckily the average speed since you last pressed the button guage is very very accurate, so I use it for cheating the average speed cameras. People just don\'t get why I can go 100 in a 60.
Everything goes through a computer now. Gas gages are probably
programmed to be alarmist.
It might take decades to rebuild a reliable energy system, once people
come to their senses. If.
The UK is 40% wind power. If they can multiply that by 2.5, we would be fine.
Commander Kinsey <CK1@nospam.com> wrote:
It might take decades to rebuild a reliable energy system, once people
come to their senses. If.
The UK is 40% wind power. If they can multiply that by 2.5, we would be fine.
? Looking at yesterday as a quick example on gridwatch wind is
nowhere near 40%.